Actualización sobre la Terapia de Presión Positiva Continua en las Vías Respiratorias como Tratamiento del Síndrome de Apnea del Sueño
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55204/scc.v2i2.e20Palabras clave:
Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño, presión de las vías aéreas positiva continua, evaluación de eficacia-efectividad de intervenciones, resultado del tratamientoResumen
Introducción: la Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (AOS) se caracteriza por episodios recurrentes de colapso parcial o total de las vías respiratorias superiores durante el sueño, la prevalencia en adultos entre 54 a 93 años superaba el 60%, con una AOS de moderada a grave en el 30,3% de los individuos de etnia blanca, el 32,4% de afroamericanos, 38,2% de hispanos y el 39,4% de ascendencia china.
Objetivo: Describir la actualización sobre la terapia de presión positiva continua en las vías respiratorias como tratamiento del síndrome de apnea del sueño.
Metodología: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica tipo narrativa, los estudios fueron recogidos de diferentes bases de datos como Medline, Lilacs, TripDataBase, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, Scopus, mediante identificación-cribado-elegibilidad-selección y basado en el rango de calidad de Scimago Journal Rank.
Resultados: se encontraron múltiples efectos del tratamiento, se demostró mejoras significativas en la somnolencia y calidad de vida. También se observó un impacto positivo en la depresión y ligera mejora en las funciones neurocognitivas. Además, mostró beneficios en la prevención de accidentes cerebrovasculares y fibrilación auricular. La adherencia al CPAP se vio influenciada por factores socioeconómicos, psicológicos y efectos secundarios de las mascarillas. Estos hallazgos sugieren la eficacia y la relevancia del tratamiento con CPAP en pacientes con AOS, así como la importancia de considerar múltiples factores para mejorar la adherencia y los resultados del tratamiento.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Andy Josue Minchala León, María Daniela Encalada Torres
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