Revisión sistemática de método expectante, quirúrgico y médico en el manejo de la finalización espontanea del embarazo en el primer trimestre
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55204/scc.v2i2.e49Palabras clave:
aborto espontáneo, primer trimestre, manejo quirúrgico, manejo farmacológicoResumen
Introducción: El aborto espontáneo durante el primer trimestre de embarazo es un evento común que afecta alrededor del 25% de las mujeres en algún momento de sus vidas. Existen tres enfoques principales para su manejo: manejo expectante, intervenciones quirúrgicas y métodos farmacológicos. El método de manejo de este fenómeno es un tema de debate en el campo de la obstetricia y ginecología, por lo tanto, es crucial determinar el enfoque más efectivo y seguro para su manejo.
Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo analizar y comparar la eficacia y seguridad relativas de los métodos quirúrgicos y farmacológicos para el manejo del aborto espontáneo durante el primer trimestre del embarazo.
Resultados: Se analizaron 15 estudios de ensayos aleatorizados cuyas muestras sumadas dan un total de 3311 mujeres participantes. En el tratamiento del aborto espontáneo durante el primer trimestre, el enfoque expectante demuestra ser menos efectivo en lograr una evacuación completa de los productos de la concepción en comparación con otras opciones terapéuticas. En contraste, los tratamientos quirúrgicos muestran una mayor eficiencia en comparación con el manejo expectante y médico. A pesar de que los perfiles de seguridad son similares entre el manejo médico, expectante y las técnicas quirúrgicas de aspiración (manual o eléctrica), el legrado se destaca por ser menos seguro que cualquiera de las otras alternativas.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Gissela Dayana Solano Ramón, Mariuxi Marianela Mendez Mendia, Freddy Cárdenas Heredia
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